2.5 Tectonic hazard Zone and Iceland

Despite the dangers, people inhabit regions prone to tectonic hazards for various reasons. These include economic necessity, lack of alternatives, or because they perceive the benefits—such as fertile soils or geothermal energy—as outweighing the risks.

• Economic Necessity: Limited choices force some to prioritize immediate needs over potential risks.

• Agricultural Benefits: Volcanic soils in tectonic regions are highly fertile, supporting farming.

• Lack of Awareness: Some residents may not fully understand the risks involved.

• Advancements in Building: Earthquake-resistant structures offer more security.

• Natural Resources: Tectonic areas can be rich in resources like minerals and geothermal energy.

Iceland's location on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge provides it with unique geothermal advantages, leading to renewable energy sources and a thriving tourism industry, illustrating how tectonic activity can be harnessed positively. 

• Geothermal Energy: Utilizes volcanic activity to provide 25% of the nation's electricity.

• Heating: Superheated steam from volcanic activity heats 90% of buildings.

• Construction Materials: Volcanic rocks are used for building infrastructure.

• Tourism: Unique geological features attract visitors, bolstering the economy.

• Sustainable Practices: Emphasises renewable energy, reducing environmental impact.

• Misconception 1: All tectonic activity is harmful and should be avoided.

  • Reality: While tectonic activity can pose risks, it also provides benefits like geothermal energy and fertile soils.

• Misconception 2: Advanced countries do not experience tectonic hazards.

  • Reality: Wealth does not exempt countries from tectonic hazards, as seen in Japan and New Zealand.

• Misconception 3: Earthquake-resistant buildings are invulnerable to damage.

  • Reality: While such buildings are designed to withstand tremors, they are not completely damage-proof.